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WebGL – cannot reader property createShader of null

I am following a book called professional WebGL, I am hand writing stuff making sure of my understanding, I have this code:

<!DOCTYPE HTML>
<html lang="en">
<head>
    <title>2-1 A first WebGL example</title>
    <meta charset="utf-8">

    <script id="shader-vs" type="x-shader/x-vertex">
        attribute vec3 aVertexPosition;

        void main() {
            gl_Position = vec4(aVertexPosition, 1.0);
        }
    </script>

    <script id="shader-fs" type="x-shader/x-fragment">
        precision mediump float;

        void main() {
            gl_FragColor = vec4(1.0, 1.0, 1.0, 1.0);
        }
    </script>

    <script type="text/javascript">
        var gl;
        var canvas;
        var shaderProgram;
        var vertexBuffer;

        /*Function to create the webgl context*/
        function createGLContext(canvas) {
            var names = ["webgl", "experimental-webgl"];
            var context = null;
            for(var i = 0; i < names.length; i++) {
                try {
                    context = canvas.getContext(names[i]);
                } catch(e) {
                    if(context) {
                        break;
                    }
                }
            }
            if(context) {
                context.viewportWidth = canvas.width;
                context.viewportHeight = canvas.height;
            } else {
                alert("Failed to create webgl context");
            }

            return context;
        }

        function loadShaderFromDOM(id) {
            var shaderScript = document.getElementById(id);

            //if we don't find an element with the specified id
            //we do an early exit
            if(!shaderScript) {
                return null;
            }

            //loop through the children for the found DOM element and
            //build up the shader source code as a string.
            var shaderSource = "";
            var currentChild = shaderScript.firstChild;
            while(currentChild) {
                if(currentChild.nodeType == 3) {
                    //3 corresponds to TEXT_NODE
                    shaderSource += currentChild.textContent;
                }
                currentChild = currentChild.nextSibling;
            }

            var shader;
            if(shaderScript.type == "x-shader/x-fragment") {
                shader = gl.createShader(gl.FRAGMENT_SHADER);
            } else if(shaderScript.type == "x-shader/x-vertex") {
                shader = gl.createShader(gl.VERTEX_SHADER);
            } else {
                return null;
            }

            gl.shaderSource(shader, shaderSource);
            gl.compileShader(shader);

            if(!gl.getShaderParameter(shader, gl.COMPILE_STATUS)) {
                alert(gl.getShaderInfoLog(shader));
                return null;
            }
            return shader;
        }

        /*Function to setup the shaders*/
        function setupShaders() {
            var vertexShader = loadShaderFromDOM("shader-vs");
            var fragmentShader = loadShaderFromDOM("shader-fs");

            shaderProgram = gl.createProgram();
            gl.attachShader(shaderProgram, vertexShader);
            gl.attachShader(shaderProgram, fragmentShader);
            gl.linkProgram(shaderProgram);

            if(!gl.getProgramParameter(shaderProgram, gl.LINK_STATUS)) {
                alert("Failed toe setup shaders");
            }

            gl.useProgram(shaderProgram);

            shaderProgram.vertexPositionAttribute = gl.getAttribLocation(shaderProgram, "aVertexPosition");
        }

        /*Function to setup the buffers*/
        function setupBuffers() {
            vertexBuffer = gl.createBuffer();
            gl.bindBuffer(gl.ARRAY_BUFFER, vertexBuffer);
            var triangleVertices = [
                0.0, 0.5, 0.0,
                -0.5, -0.5, 0.0,
                0.5, -0.5, 0.0
            ];
            gl.bufferData(gl.ARRAY_BUFFER, new Float32Array(triangleVertices), gl.STATIC_DRAW);
            vertexBuffer.itemSize = 3;
            vertexBuffer.numberOfItems = 3;
        }

        /*Function to draw the triangle*/
        function draw() {
            gl.viewport(0, 0, gl.viewportWidth, gl.viewportHeight);
            gl.celar(gl.COLOR_BUFFER_BIT);

            gl.vertexAttribPointer(shaderProgram.vertexPositionAttribute, vertexBuffer.itemSize, gl.FLOAT, false, 0, 0);

            gl.enableVertexAttribArray(shaderProgram.vertexPositionAttribute);

            gl.drawArrays(gl.TRIANGLES, 0, vertexBuffer.numberOfItems);
        }

        /*Function to kick everything off*/
        function startup() {
            canvas = document.getElementById("myGLCanvas");
            gl = createGLContext(canvas);
            setupShaders();
            setupBuffers();
            gl.clearColor(0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.1);
            draw();
        }

    </script>
</head>

<body onload="startup()">
<canvas id="myGLCnvas" width="500" height="300"></canvas>
</body>
</html>

for some reason, it says that it can’t read property null for createShader here: shader = gl.createShader(gl.VERTEX_SHADER);

But it doesn’t complain at all for the same declaration but with the fragment shader.

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Answer

Slightly changed version. gl.celar was wrong and main loop for getting context.

<!DOCTYPE HTML>
<html lang="en">
<head>
    <title>2-1 A first WebGL example</title>
    <meta charset="utf-8">

    <script id="shader-vs" type="x-shader/x-vertex">
        attribute vec3 aVertexPosition;

        void main() {
            gl_Position = vec4(aVertexPosition, 1.0);
        }
    </script>

    <script id="shader-fs" type="x-shader/x-fragment">
        precision mediump float;

        void main() {
            gl_FragColor = vec4(1.0, 1.0, 1.0, 1.0);
        }
    </script>

    <script type="text/javascript">
        var gl;
        var canvas;
        var shaderProgram;
        var vertexBuffer;

        /*Function to create the webgl context*/
        function createGLContext(canvas) {
            var names = ["webgl", "experimental-webgl"];
            gl = null;
            for(var i = 0; i < names.length; i++) {

                gl = canvas.getContext(names[i]);
                if(gl)
                    break;
            }
            if(gl) {
                gl.viewportWidth = canvas.width;
                gl.viewportHeight = canvas.height;
            } else {
                console.log("Failed to create webgl context");
            }
        }

        function loadShaderFromDOM(id) {
            var shaderScript = document.getElementById(id);

            //if we don't find an element with the specified id
            //we do an early exit
            if(!shaderScript) {
                return null;
            }

            //loop through the children for the found DOM element and
            //build up the shader source code as a string.
            var shaderSource = "";
            var currentChild = shaderScript.firstChild;
            while(currentChild) {
                if(currentChild.nodeType == 3) {
                    //3 corresponds to TEXT_NODE
                    shaderSource += currentChild.textContent;
                }
                currentChild = currentChild.nextSibling;
            }

            var shader;
            if(shaderScript.type == "x-shader/x-fragment") {
                shader = gl.createShader(gl.FRAGMENT_SHADER);
            } else if(shaderScript.type == "x-shader/x-vertex") {
                shader = gl.createShader(gl.VERTEX_SHADER);
            } else {
                return null;
            }

            gl.shaderSource(shader, shaderSource);
            gl.compileShader(shader);

            if(!gl.getShaderParameter(shader, gl.COMPILE_STATUS)) {
                alert(gl.getShaderInfoLog(shader));
                return null;
            }
            return shader;
        }

        /*Function to setup the shaders*/
        function setupShaders() {
            var vertexShader = loadShaderFromDOM("shader-vs");
            var fragmentShader = loadShaderFromDOM("shader-fs");

            shaderProgram = gl.createProgram();
            gl.attachShader(shaderProgram, vertexShader);
            gl.attachShader(shaderProgram, fragmentShader);
            gl.linkProgram(shaderProgram);

            if(!gl.getProgramParameter(shaderProgram, gl.LINK_STATUS)) {
                alert("Failed toe setup shaders");
            }

            gl.useProgram(shaderProgram);

            shaderProgram.vertexPositionAttribute = gl.getAttribLocation(shaderProgram, "aVertexPosition");
        }

        /*Function to setup the buffers*/
        function setupBuffers() {
            vertexBuffer = gl.createBuffer();
            gl.bindBuffer(gl.ARRAY_BUFFER, vertexBuffer);
            var triangleVertices = [
                0.0, 0.5, 0.0,
                -0.5, -0.5, 0.0,
                0.5, -0.5, 0.0
            ];
            gl.bufferData(gl.ARRAY_BUFFER, new Float32Array(triangleVertices), gl.STATIC_DRAW);
            vertexBuffer.itemSize = 3;
            vertexBuffer.numberOfItems = 3;
        }

        /*Function to draw the triangle*/
        function draw() {
            gl.viewport(0, 0, gl.viewportWidth, gl.viewportHeight);
            gl.clear(gl.COLOR_BUFFER_BIT);

            gl.vertexAttribPointer(shaderProgram.vertexPositionAttribute, vertexBuffer.itemSize, gl.FLOAT, false, 0, 0);

            gl.enableVertexAttribArray(shaderProgram.vertexPositionAttribute);

            gl.drawArrays(gl.TRIANGLES, 0, vertexBuffer.numberOfItems);
        }

        /*Function to kick everything off*/
        function startup() {
            canvas = document.getElementById("myGLCnvas");
            createGLContext(canvas);
            setupShaders();
            setupBuffers();
            gl.clearColor(0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.1);
            draw();
        }

    </script>
</head>

<body onload="startup()">
<canvas id="myGLCnvas" width="500" height="300"></canvas>
</body>
</html>
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